What Is Weed? Understanding Cannabis and Its Uses

Cannabis, or weed, is more than just a plant—it’s a cultural phenomenon . From its historical uses to its role in modern-day wellness and recreation, cannabis has become a staple in many people's lives, especially in South Africa where the legalization of personal use has brought about a boom in the industry.

If you're new to the world of weed, you might have heard the terms "cannabis," "marijuana," or "dagga" floating around. But what exactly does it all mean? What is weed? Let’s break it down.

Cannabis is the scientific name for a plant species that has two primary varieties: Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica . These plants are cultivated for their psychoactive properties, medicinal benefits, and even for industrial purposes (such as hemp).

The plant contains over 100 different cannabinoids , with the most well-known being THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol) , the compound responsible for the “high,” and CBD (Cannabidiol) , which offers calming effects without getting you high.

Weed, cannabis, and marijuana are often used interchangeably, though technically, marijuana refers to the part of the plant that contains high levels of THC, while cannabis is the more general term used for the plant in its entirety.

Cannabis strains generally fall into three categories:

1. Sativa

• Known for uplifting effects and a boost in energy . Sativa strains are typically used during the day and are great for enhancing creativity and focus.

• Common strains: Green Crack , Jack Herer , Durban Poison .

2. Indica

• Known for relaxing, sedative effects , making it ideal for evening use or when you want to unwind. Indicas are often recommended for those dealing with insomnia, pain, or anxiety.

• Common strains: Northern Lights , Granddaddy Purple , Purple Kush .

3. Hybrid

• A mix of sativa and indica, hybrids are bred to combine the best features of both. Some hybrids are more sativa-dominant (energising), while others are more indica-dominant (relaxing).

• Common hybrids: Blue Dream , Girl Scout Cookies , OG Kush .

Cannabis is one of the most versatile plants, and there are several ways to consume it. Here are the most popular methods:

1. Smoking

• The traditional way to consume cannabis. Whether in a joint , blunt , or pipe , smoking cannabis is one of the quickest methods to experience its effects.

2. Vaping

• Vaping heats cannabis to release its active ingredients without combustion, producing a smoother experience. It's growing in popularity for its healthier profile compared to smoking.

3. Edibles

• Cannabis-infused foods (like brownies, gummies, or even drinks) provide a different experience. The effects are slower to kick in but tend to last longer and offer a more intense high.

4. Topicals

• Cannabis-infused creams, lotions, or oils that you apply to the skin. These products are typically used for localized pain relief and don’t produce a high.

5. Tinctures and Oils

• Concentrated cannabis extracts that can be taken sublingually (under the tongue) for faster absorption or added to food and drink. CBD oils are especially popular for wellness purposes.

Cannabis was decriminalized in South Africa for personal use in 2018, meaning you can legally possess and consume cannabis privately . However, the sale of cannabis and public use are still illegal .

While dispensaries are not officially legal in South Africa yet, some cannabis clubs and private buyers and sellers are thriving. There’s a growing movement to legalize cannabis for both medical and recreational use, and more businesses are popping up, particularly in major cities like Cape Town and Johannesburg .

Cannabis is not only used for recreational purposes—it also has many potential medicinal benefits . Here’s how it may help:

• Pain Relief : Cannabis has long been used for its pain-relieving properties, especially for chronic conditions like arthritis , fibromyalgia , and migraine .

• Mental Health : CBD in cannabis is linked to reducing anxiety and depression . THC may also have mood-boosting properties.

• Sleep Aid : Indica strains are commonly used by people with insomnia or sleep disturbances due to their sedative effects.

• Appetite Stimulation : Known for causing the “ munchies ,” cannabis is often used to help individuals with poor appetite or eating disorders.

While cannabis has many benefits, there are some risks and side effects to keep in mind:

• Impaired Memory and Focus : Short-term use of cannabis, especially with high THC, can impair memory and focus.

• Psychological Effects : High doses of THC can cause paranoia , anxiety , or hallucinations in some people.

• Legal Risks : While private use is legal, buying cannabis from illegal sources or using it in public remains against the law.

Cannabis is a fascinating plant with a rich history and a wide variety of uses. Whether you're seeking relief from a medical condition, looking to unwind, or exploring the recreational side of things, cannabis has something to offer.

South Africa's cannabis culture is growing, and as the laws continue to evolve, more people will gain access to the benefits of this incredible plant.